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In the United Kingdom government, non-ministerial departments generally cover matters for which direct political oversight is judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are headed by senior civil servants. Some fulfil a regulatory or inspection function, and their status is therefore intended to protect them from political interference. Some are headed by a permanent office holder, such as a Permanent Secretary or Second Permanent Secretary.〔(Government Departments and Agencies ), Government, Citizens and Rights, DirectGov.〕 The status of a non-ministerial government department (NMGD) varies considerably from one to another. For example:〔(How to be a Civil Servant ), What is a Civil Servant?〕 * Senior officials in HM Revenue and Customs work closely with Ministers and its key policies are set each year in the Finance Act. However, neither Ministers nor Parliament can interfere in day-to-day taxation decisions. * A number of NMGDs are highly independent bodies; for example the Charity Commission, Ofsted and economic regulators such as the Competition and Markets Authority or the Postal Services Commission. These bodies are "creatures of statute":- that is they implement legislation which they have no power to change. Their political independence is assured by providing that they have the status of Government departments, but are accountable only to Parliament and the Courts. Their budgets are usually set by the Treasury, not by the department which set them up, and they are often funded by licence fees paid by the industries which they regulate. * The Food Standards Agency is an NMGD which was created by merging two large parts of the Departments of Health and what was then the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The aim was to reassure the public (after the BSE/vCJD crisis) that decisions about food safety would in future be taken by an independent body free of political control. Because the FSA was designed to take politics out of food safety, it does not seek ministerial approval for its actions, even when negotiating and agreeing to European legislation on behalf of the UK. A list of NMGDs is maintained by the Cabinet Office and currently states that the following twenty-two are in existence:〔(Non-ministerial Departments ), Retrieved 25 November 2015〕 *Charity Commission for England and Wales *Competition and Markets Authority *Crown Prosecution Service *Food Standards Agency *Forestry Commission *Government Actuary's Department *Government Legal Department *Her Majesty's Land Registry *Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs *the National Archives *National Crime Agency *National Savings and Investments *Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) *Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem) *Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) *Office of Rail and Road *Ordnance Survey *Serious Fraud Office *Supreme Court of the United Kingdom *UK Statistics Authority *UK Trade & Investment *Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Non-ministerial government department」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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